COVID-19 and Drinking Water
Americans can use and drink water from their tap as usual.
The health and safety of our members and the people they serve are ASDWA’s highest priorities. We understand that individuals in our communities are seeking timely and accurate information, and many have questions about potential impacts on drinking water. We hope the following resources from states and our Federal partners will be of value to our membership, the public, and the broader drinking water community.
Resources for Building Water Systems
The extensive COVID-19 “stay-at-home” orders across the country have resulted in many commercial buildings (offices, hotels, stadiums, medical facilities, etc.) with reduced or no water use. Stagnant water in these buildings can cause conditions that increase the risk for growth and spread of Legionella and other biofilm-associated bacteria, lead to low or undetectable levels of disinfectant (such as chlorine or chloramine), and create unsafe levels of lead and copper. Because of these conditions there are special considerations for building water systems that continue to operate in low water flow environments as well as actions that will need to be considered when buildings reopen to ensure safe water. In addition to the CDC’s updated building water system guidance, several resources exist to help address these issues.
EPA’s Maintaining or Restoring Water Quality in Buildings with Low or No Use for building owners and managers includes proactive steps to protect public health by minimizing water stagnation during closures, offering actions to address building water quality prior to opening. The Agency also released a Restoring Water Quality in Buildings for Reopening checklist for download.
CDC’s Guidance for Building Water Systems outlines 8 Steps to take before your business/building reopens to ensure the safety of building water systems and devices after a prolonged shutdown.
Louisville Water’s Flushing Guidance is aimed primarily at small and medium sized commercial buildings that do not have facilities personnel, but can be used broadly. The guidance includes a short video that illustrates how to flush the water lines, as well as an infographic with flushing instructions.
Purdue University Center for Plumbing Safety organized plumbing, water, and public health experts from across North America to complete a rapid response study that is freely available and focusses on reducing the risk of harmful water in low to no occupancy buildings, including actions that can be taken now.
The Environmental Science, Policy & Research Institute (ESPRI) and AH Environmental Consultants, Inc. developed a roadmap for flushing contaminants from buildings and return the plumbing system water quality back to pre-stagnation conditions. Because each building is different, flushing will need to be tailored accordingly.
Phigenics, a company that helps facility owners and managers develop and implement comprehensive water management programs, developed a webinar on “Building Water Management During the COVID-19 Crisis” that is free to view.
EPA and CDC’s Guidance for Cleaning and Disinfecting Public Spaces, Workplaces, Businesses, Schools and Homes. This jointly developed guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is intended for all Americans, whether you own a business, run a school, or want to ensure the cleanliness and safety of your home. This plan is part of the larger United States Government plan and focuses on cleaning and disinfecting public spaces, workplaces, businesses, schools, and can also be applied to your home. You’ll also want to check out the Cleaning and Disinfecting Decision Tool.
CWWA released two guidance documents related to COVID-19 and reopening. Safely Reopening Buildings: General Guidance for Water Utilities provides advice on steps to take to prepare for increased flushing, recommendations for distributing information to building owner, and tips for communicating with the public and media. The second document is a fact sheet, Safely reopening Buildings for Building Owners and Operators, providing general instruction for flushing and cleaning water systems, and directs to more details resources and guidance.
State Resources:
Information on COVID-19 and Water
Sources: U.S. CDC, Water Transmission and COVID-19 and U.S. EPA, Coronavirus and Drinking Water and Wastewater
Download our FAQsYes, your tap water is safe. EPA recommends that Americans continue to use and drink tap water as usual. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that the, “presence of the COVID-19 virus has not been detected in drinking-water supplies and based on current evidence the risk to water supplies is low.”1 Boiling your water is not required as a precaution against COVID-19. EPA’s drinking water regulations require treatment at public water systems to remove or kill pathogens, including viruses.
According to the CDC, COVID-19 is mainly thought to spread between people who are in close contact with one another. Read more from the CDC about transmission of COVID-19.
1 World Health Organization. 2020. Technical Brief. Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for the COVID-19 virus. March. Website: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/water-sanitation-hygiene-and-waste-management-for-covid-19. Reference number: WHO/2019-NcOV/IPC_WASH/2020.1
WHO has stated that the, “presence of the COVID-19 virus has not been detected in drinking-water supplies and based on current evidence the risk to water supplies is low.”
Homeowners that receive their water from a public water utility may contact their provider to learn more about treatments being used. Treatments could include filtration and disinfectants such as chlorine that remove or kill pathogens before they reach the tap.
Homeowners with private wells who are concerned about pathogens such as viruses in drinking water may consider approaches that remove bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, including certified home treatment devices.
CDC is reviewing all data on COVID-19 transmission as information becomes available. At this time, the risk of transmission of the virus that causes COVID-19 through sewerage systems is thought to be low. Although transmission of COVID-19 through sewage may be possible, there is no evidence to date that this has occurred. This guidance will be updated as necessary as new evidence is assessed.
SARS, a similar coronavirus, has been detected in untreated sewage for up to 2 to 14 days. In the 2003 SARS outbreak, there was documented transmission associated with sewage aerosols. Data suggest that standard municipal wastewater system chlorination practices may be sufficient to inactivate coronaviruses, as long as utilities monitor free available chlorine during treatment to ensure it has not been depleted.
Wastewater and sewage workers should use standard practices, practice basic hygiene precautions, and wear personal protective equipment (PPE) as prescribed for current work tasks.
Maintaining or Restoring Water Quality in Buildings with Low or No Use – EPA
Checklist: Restoring Water Quality in Building for Reopening – EPA
ASDWA publishes content covering various areas of the drinking water program.
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